The 2023 compensation rate (an 8. Analysis Disability ratings are determined by the application of the VA's Schedule for Rating Disabilities. As to entitlement to service connection for diverticulitis, given the post-service diagnosis of the claimed disability, the documented in-service complaints of abdominal pain in 1973 and 1974, and Dr. On the other hand, ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition where the inner. 39. C. When you have IBS, this movement is disrupted. If you suffer from diverticulitis that hasn't responded to treatment and you can't work, you may be eligible for. 2. R. S. Book an appointment today. undefined. 8. Toll Free. R. Pre-Separation) Condition Code Rating Condition Code Rating Exam Symptomatic Hiatal Hernia 7346 10% GERD 7346 10%** 20040813 Diverticulitis Status Post Partial Colectomy 7327 10% Diverticular Disease Status Post Surgery 7327-7319 10%** 20040813 For VA rating purposes, a muscle injury (strain) is an injury to a muscle or a tendon, which is the fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones. Hospital Awards & Ratings. F. 3700 S Main St Ste 100 Blacksburg, VA. Nearly 5,000 veterans die annually from this terrible disease. VA pays compensation to veterans for disabilities incurred in or aggravated during their active duty service. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. § 3. (Board) on appeal of a February 2004 rating decision of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Regional Office (RO) in Columbia, South Carolina. These conditions can be painful. You may qualify for VA disability benefits for physical conditions (like a chronic illness or injury) and mental health conditions (like PTSD) that developed before, during, or after service. From 1980 to 2007, the incidence increased from 115 per 100,000 person-years to 188 per 100,000 person-years. There are multiple diagnostic codes for the various gastrointestinal conditions that fall under this rating schedule. You can view the VA’s reasoning here. 03-32 007 ) DATE ) ) On appeal from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Regional Office (RO) inVA has recognized certain cancers and other health problems as presumptive diseases associated with exposure to Agent Orange or other herbicides during military service. Diverticulitis, which is inflammation of small pouches (diverticuli) that form in the colon, accounts for over 300,000 hospitalizations per year in the United States. Under Diagnostic Code 7327, for rating diverticulitis, the disability is rated as irritable colon syndrome, peritoneal adhesions, or colitis, ulcerative, depending upon the predominant. The condition is a. You have a spouse, child, or dependent parent and your combined disability rating is 30% or greater, or. 16 per month. 401-421-3185. 114, the Schedule of Ratings for the Digestive System, diagnostic code 7327. 800-544-9144. Disability ratings for Fibromyalgia will be assessed as 40%, 20%, or 10%. The VA uses Diagnostic Code 7323 to rate ulcerative colitis. Most people with diverticulitis recover completely. K&D Veteran Medical Assessment give you unbiased medical advice and assist you in applying for VA benefits delivery at the discharge program. undefined. VA lawyers are familiar with the types of evidence that the VA accepts to establish a service connection and can help you identify all the symptoms that can be claimed to increase your rating. Find the best doctors for treating Diverticulitis, Intestinal in Chantilly. This can lead to an infection. F. The appellant also alleged that the Board committed CUE by not ordering unspecified examinations before reducing his disability rating. Find the best doctors for treating Intestinal Diverticulitis in Mc Lean. Please note this appeal has been advanced on the Board's docket pursuant to 38 C. Know the signs of diverticulitis. Schedule a free consultation with a VA attorney online or call (866)232-5777 to discuss your pelvic floor dysfunction VA disability claim. Diverticulitis is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that is associated with significant morbidity and health care costs. 4461 Starkey Rd Ste 201 Roanoke, VA 24018. 9 stars. 27 Years Experience. Book an appointment today. Rhinitis, and. When you have more than one of these pouches throughout the colon, it’s called diverticulosis. 92 per month. Below are some of the best options around North Chesterfield. The Veteran avers that he is entitled to a rating for diverticulitis, separate from GERD with IBS, hiatal hernia, and H-pylori. Scott Woogen, MD, is a Gastroenterology specialist practicing in Richmond, VA with 42 years of experience. if checked, also complete peritoneal adhesions questionnaire. R. Race: White Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with diverticulitis than Black or Latinx Americans. Complete the application over the phone at 888-772-1213, between 8 a. Hospital affiliations include Southside Regional Medical Center. S. VA rating for diverticulitis? Many disabilities like irritable colon syndrome, irritable bowel, diverticulitis, peritoneal adhesions, or ulcertative colitis are all rated the same way, with a maximum of 30%. The specific rating will be whichever. The most recent study is from 2010, and found an association with IBS and diverticulosis (large out-pouches in colon, or large intestine), specifically IBS-D (diarrhea. If you served during the Vietnam War—anytime between November 1, 1965, and April 30, 1975—you may be at risk of certain health conditions. Diverticulosis is different from diverticulitis, which occurs when the pouches become infected or inflamed. Doctors who treat Intestinal Diverticulitis in this region have an average rating of 3. Pharmacy Refill your VA prescriptions, track delivery, view a list of your VA medications and other details. Constantinides VA, Tekkis PP, Athanasiou T, et al. 38 C. As of December 1st, 2023 the VA disability rate benefit amounts are as follows: 0 percent disability rating: $0. The bill was signed into law on August 10, 2022, after it was passed by Congress on August 2, 2022. Examples of bowel disturbance include episodes of diarrhea, severe gas, and bloating. jjd. The sleep apnea VA rating criteria are as follows: 100%: Chronic respiratory failure with carbon dioxide retention or cor pulmonale (a condition that causes the right side of the heart to fail), or requires tracheostomy. 4500 Pond Way Suite 220 Woodbridge, VA 22192This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) standards (Fig. 2204 Wilborn Ave South Boston, VA 24592. Entitlement to an initial compensable rating for diverticulitis with abscess, status-post resection of the sigmoid colon. Mild diverticulitis infection may be treated with bed rest, stool softeners, a liquid diet, antibiotics to. The Veteran asserts that this reduction was not proper. F. You can get a 10%–60% rating for hiatal hernia, depending on the severity of your symptoms. Doctors who treat Intestinal Diverticulitis in this region have an average rating of 3. Book an appointment today. Doctors who treat Intestinal Diverticulitis in this region have an average rating of 4 stars. Without lasting issues, or a key known contributor to the cause (which happened after your. These. Usually, diverticulitis can be resolved with mild treatments, including temporary diet changes and sometimes antibiotics. To provide even more value to our veterans, this page is only available with an All-Access Membership. 401-331-6300. VA rates Irritable Bowel Syndrome under 38 C. The PACT Act is a bill that directly addresses the effects on Veterans and others who served in the military and were exposed to environmental toxins, burn pits, radiation, and Agent Orange. Ratings under Diagnostic Codes 7301 to 7329, inclusive 7331, 7342, and 7345 to 7348 inclusive will not be combined with each other. Many Veterans who returned from the Gulf War displayed chronic, unexplained symptoms like fatigue, headaches, joint pain, indigestion. Find the best doctors for treating Diverticulitis, Intestinal in Centreville. So, that diagnostic code includes two evaluations, a 10 percent rating, and a 30 percent evaluation based on different symptomology. Entitlement to a total disability rating based on individual unemployability due to service-connected disabilities (TDIU). Diagnosis. La mayoría de las veces, estas se encuentran en. 5°C, the left colon affection, older age, and delay in the diagnosis). Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. Below are some of the best options around Leesburg. Note: For evaluation under diagnostic code 7312, documentation of cirrhosis (by biopsy or imaging) and abnormal liver function tests must be present. Diverticulitis is an acute disorder which usually does not have a known cause, resolves, and does not have any lasting consequences (usually). has the veteran had surgical treatment for an intestinal condition? 2b. We conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed employing the terms perforated OR peritonitis AND diverticulitis; we search in the published papers from. 20, VA can look at “not only the functions affected” when assigning an. #4 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) rated at 70% or $1,663. Inflamed or infected diverticula cause diverticulitis. As a result of the inflammation, it’s common to experience sudden and severe. The amount of compensation a veteran can receive is the same at each rating level, no matter the condition. C. The rating chart ranks hemorrhoids in the following categories: 0% – mild or moderate. There is no specific VA rating for acid reflux or GERD. The VA does not provide a rating schedule for diverticulitis. Entitlement to a rating in excess of 20 percent for service-connected diverticulitis with history of ulcerative colitis and proctitis and history of sigmoid colectomy and temporary colostomy. com. Acute diverticulitis, defined as clinically evident macroscopic inflammation of a diverticulum or diverticula, occurs in approximately 4% of patients with diverticulosis;. § 4. The sleep apnea VA rating criteria are as follows: 100%: Chronic respiratory failure with carbon dioxide retention or cor pulmonale (a condition that causes the right side of the heart to fail), or requires tracheostomy. 46090 Lake Center Plz Ste 201 Potomac Falls. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Other symptoms may include a combination of loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating and cramping, and. As a result of the FY21 National Defense Authorization Act, VA added three new conditions that are related to exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides: bladder cancer, hypothyroidism, and Parkinsonism (also known as Parkinson-like conditions). If you or any Veterans you know have been diagnosed with any of the following illnesses, you’re encouraged to contact the VA. 114 Schedule of ratings – digestive system. Colon polyps do not cause diverticulitis. Most are mild cases. 5003 Degenerative arthritis, other than post-traumatic. 85 per month for PTSD or TBI, while a 50 percent disability rating would equal $1,075. When returning to solid foods, a vegetarian diet and a simple, high-fiber diet. Find a doctor Back Find a. undefined Skip navigation. You can start the disability claims process online at or by calling 1-800-772-1213. value VA claim resources, as well as access to our proprietary medical consulting process for DBQ reviews and medical Nexus opinions, which could result in a higher VA rating in less time. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. For more information about compensation for dependents, our 2023 VA Disability Rates and Compensation article. VA Disability. The med board doesn’t happen unless you’re not fit for full duty within a year. 114, Diagnostic Code 7319 for Irritable Colon Syndrome (spastic colitis, mucous colitis, etc. Diverticulitis is when small bulges or pockets form in the digestive tract. The purpose of this revision is to ensure that this. While it is a regulation, it carries the force of law, and so we refer to it as a “law” throughout this site for simplicity’s sake. Because these pouches can sometimes collect debris, it’s possible for them to get infected. VA will consider the information you provide on this questionnaire as part of their evaluation in processing the Veteran. You have a spouse with a serious disability. 114, Diagnostic Code 7327. m. Book an appointment today. According to DC 7327, diverticulitis is either rated as irritable colon syndrome (DC 7319), peritoneal adhesions (DC 7301), or ulcerative colitis (DC 7323). 6Overview. The VA uses Diagnostic Code 7323 to rate ulcerative colitis. Diverticulitis is a condition where bulging pouches arise in the lining of the large intestine and then become inflamed. Jul 18, 2011 #2. 34 Years Experience. Dis. The signs and symptoms of diverticulitis include: Pain, which may be constant and persist for several days. Mandates toxic exposure screenings. The VA will consider the severity and type of symptoms you are displaying to determine your rating. Colonic Diverticulitis. This might be confusing since the symptoms affect the opposite sides of the GI tract. Active, service-connected testicular cancer is rated at 100%, which currently provides $3,621. He works in Virginia Beach, VA and 5 other locations. Citation Nr: 1121446 Decision Date: 06/02/11 Archive Date: 06/09/11 DOCKET NO. VA Rating Criteria for GERD: 10 percent – a veteran is rated at 10% if they have two or more of the common signs of GERD from the 30% schedule but not severe enough to justify the full 30% rating. This provider currently accepts 60 insurance plans including Medicare and Medicaid. Then for each additional. Cassandra Crosby, Claims Advocate Updated: February 2, 2023. 8 stars. Find the best doctors for treating Intestinal Diverticulitis in Virginia Beach. On 30 November 2020, the VA published a final rule effective 7 February 2021, to amend the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Schedule for Rating Disabilities (“VASRD” or “rating schedule”) by revising the portion of the rating schedule that addresses the musculoskeletal system. § 4. I have lipomas all over my body, arms, legs, neck, back, chest. VA Ratings for Carpal Tunnel range from 10% to 70%, with breaks at 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, with lower or higher ratings for non-dominant (Minor) versus dominant (Major) hand. Bleeding. In the November 2007 rating decision on appeal, the RO recognized service connection for diverticulitis, but rated it together with the Veteran's service connected GERD with IBS, hiatal hernia, and H-pylori. Book an appointment today. Your doctor will start with a physical examination, which will include checking your abdomen for tenderness. We discuss more about each new. 95-22 609 ) DATE ) ) On appeal from the Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office in Providence, Rhode Island THE ISSUE Entitlement to an increased (compensable) rating for diverticulitis. Testicular cancer is rated in the VA Schedule of Ratings under diagnostic code 7528, malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary system. Book an appointment today. Gulf War veterans have an increased risk of developing lung cancer. AND DIVERTICULITIS) DISABILITY BENEFITS QUESTIONNAIRE . 105(e) of this chapter 7706 Splenectomy: 20If you suffer from gas, nausea, constipation, abdominal pain, or tenderness, it could be due to diverticulosis or diverticulitis. Aplastic anemia and other myelodysplastic. 20 At this time, indirect costs associated with the disease. Vomiting. 1. On or after September 28, 2009, Osteoporosis. Find the best doctors for treating Intestinal Diverticulitis in Roanoke. ). Bash's February 2009 opinion that it was "likely" the Veteran had early diverticulitis in service as well as the similar opinion provided by Dr. The criteria for those ratings can be found above. The severity of a digestive system disability is ascertained, for VA rating purposes, by application of the criteria set forth in VA's Schedule for Rating Disabilities at 38 C. Find a doctor Back Find a. While many people with the condition are able to lead normal lives with little or no symptoms, some people experience severe symptoms that limit their ability to work or care for themselves. Conjectural analogies will be avoided, as will the use of analogous ratings for. Doctors who treat Intestinal Diverticulitis in this region have an average rating of 3. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. Diverticulitis is an infectious inflammatory condition that occurs in a diverticula, a thinned-out portion of the colon. Below are the criteria for each rating: 10% VA Disability Rating —Exacerbations once or twice a year or symptomatic during the past 2 years. Book an appointment today. Find the best doctors for treating Intestinal Diverticulitis in Leesburg. VA reserves the right to confirm the authenticity of ALL questionnaires. at 2653, 2738. Dr. Jul 18, 2011 #3. If a patient cannot advance their diet after three to five days, a follow-up appointment should be scheduled immediately. is continuous medication required for control of the veteran's intestinal condition? if yes, also complete va form 21-0960g-4, intestinal surgery (bowel resection, colostomy, ileostomy) disability benefits. Below are some of the best options around Mc Lean. 4 approval rate. A. S. ” For example, there is no rating schedule for the diagnosis of diverticulitis. Acute diverticulitis is an acute episode of severe, prolonged, lower abdominal pain (usually on the left side), change in bowel movements, low-grade fever and leucocytosis. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. ” The VA calls your lupus flare-ups “exacerbations. Sarcoidosis caused by burn pits. at 2654. 07-03 806 ) DATE ) ) On appeal from the Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office in New York,R19. ulcerative. Symptoms of IBS are classified as mild, moderate, or severe under the VA rating criteria. GERD is typically rated analogous to a hiatal hernia under 38 CFR § 4. 9 stars. 3 Prevalence of diverticular disease is. You’ll have to work with your VA lawyer to combine other conditions to add up to 100% or TDIU. § 5108 (West 1991); 38 C. The clinical presentation has a broad spectrum ranging from mild self-limiting episodes to abscess, perforation and peritonitis. 7201 Lips, injuries of. The med board doesn’t happen unless you’re not fit for full duty within a year. ” A. Sand, dust, and particulate matter. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. Diverticulitis can bring abdominal pain, fevers, and nausea, among other symptoms. High fiber foods include: beans and legumes, such as navy beans, chickpeas, lentils, and kidney beans. The best VA Statements in Support of a Claim include the following 4 sections with specific examples tailored to you: #1. 13-03 999 ) DATE ) ) On appeal from the Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office in PhiladelphThe Department of Veterans Affairs has announced the 2023 veterans disability compensation rates and they have been posted on the VA website. A March 2006 letter informed the Veteran of disability rating and effective date criteria. 2. Find a doctor Back Find a. R. Here’s the brutal truth about VA disability claims: According to our data, 8/10 (80%) of veterans reading this message right now are underrated by the VA… This means you do NOT currently have the VA disability rating and compensation YOU deserve, and you could be missing out on thousands of dollars of tax-free compensation and benefits each. )Because they have some overlapping symptoms, it may be difficult to know if they are caused by diverticulitis or IBS. F. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. 114, Schedule of Ratings for the Digestive System. Appointments Keep track of your upcoming VA medical appointments and get email reminders. 06. R. Statement in Support of a Claim Sample: 4 Critical Sections Explained. 10-03 517 ) DATE ) ) On appeal from the Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office in Muskogee,Las publicaciones producidas por NIDDK son cuidadosamente revisadas por los científicos del NIDDK y otros expertos. For each condition, the small, indented. 10 percent – VA assigns veterans a 10 percent rating if they exhibit moderate symptoms of IBS, such as “frequent episodes of bowel disturbance with abdominal distress. Diverticulosis is very common. To determine your rating, the VA will consider the symptoms you are displaying. In the event that you have them, it's called diverticulosis. Below are some of the best options around Chesapeake. Adds more presumptive exposure locations for Agent Orange. Blood in the stool. 7200 Mouth, injuries of. 6101 Redwood Square Ctr Ste 200 Centreville. Colonic diverticulosis affects about 70% of individuals aged 80 years or older, and abdominal wall hernia repair is one of the most common procedures in elective general surgery [1,2,3]. VA Disability Ratings for IBS. 5000 Osteomyelitis, acute, subacute, or chronic. The large bowel is otherwise called the large digestive system or the colon. VA Disability Rating For Diverticulitis Compensation Rating, Learn More by visiting K&D Veterans Medical Assessment website K&D. Reason #2: No clear “nexus” to prove service connection. After service, and starting the pain medications, hydrocone, oxycodone, etc. Diverticulitis is a health issue that effects the digestive system of an individual. 800-827-1000. 800-544-9144. VA will consider the information you provide on this questionnaire as part of their evaluation in processing the Veteran's claim. 85 per month for PTSD or TBI, while a 50 percent disability rating would equal $1,075. § 7107(a)(2) (West 2002). ALL Pediatrics of Lake Ridge. The Digestive System Ratings. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. A single evaluation will be assigned under the diagnostic code which reflects the predominant disability picture, with elevation to the next higher evaluation where the. The highest possible scheduler VA disability rating for Sleep Apnea is 100%, which includes symptoms such as, chronic respiratory failure with carbon dioxide retention or cor pulmonale, or; requires tracheostomy. Find a doctor Back Find a. § 1155; 38 C. Sand, dust, and particulate matter. 7331 Peritonitis. Diverticulitis is a condition characterized by the development of small, bulging sacs in the colon (large intestine). Instead, the VA may use the rating schedule for irritable bowel syndrome or other similar conditions to determine your payments. However, if diverticula become infected and inflamed, the condition is diverticulitis which is a disability for VA compensation purposes. The team looked at 720 Veterans, 356 of whom had their hernias surgically repaired and 364 who watched and waited to see if surgery would be necessary. F. 3 Prevalence of diverticular disease is. IBS is a motility problem. no evidence of diverticulitis. We assign you a disability rating based on the severity of your service-connected condition. Veterans may also qualify for TDIU. What is diverticulitis? Diverticulitis is a condition that happens when pouches (diverticula) form in the wall of the colon and then become inflamed or infected. 7% increase) for a 70% VA disability rating is $1,663. Research variables. VA characterizes IBS as mild, moderate, or severe under the rating criteria and includes symptoms to help figure out which rating a veteran’s IBS falls under. In this case, the veteran claimed service connection for a gastrointestinal disorder manifested by nausea and vomiting after strenuous exercise in service. Complications of diverticulitis, such as abdominal sepsis, are less likely to occur with subsequent events. In this Ultimate Guide to the VA Disability Claims List, which is comprised of 834 disability conditions, you’ll discover each eligible condition arranged by body system. General air pollution common in certain countries. Two. Instead, VA will assign a disability rating under the closest diagnostic code to the condition. The VA schedular for IBS are 0%, 10%, and 30%. [email protected] the best doctors for treating Intestinal Diverticulitis in South Boston. 9 percent of patients having a complicated recurrence. Fever. TBI and PTSD are frequently rated together. Okay veterans – let’s take a minute to. Note: We’ve added information about illnesses linked to. VA rates disability from 0% to 100% in 10% increments (e. § 3. In short, there are 10 grades of VA disability compensation: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. When you have IBS, this movement is disrupted. Book an appointment today. Establishes a department for toxic exposure research. Doctors who treat Intestinal Diverticulitis in this region have an average rating of 3. For example, a Veteran with a 30% disability rating, a spouse and three children under 18 would receive $693. PK !ºµ Ú [Content_Types]. When the sigmoid is redundant it may cause suprapubic or even right lower-quadrant pain. Find the best doctors for treating Intestinal Diverticulitis in Salem. VA Disability Ratings for IBS. Below are some of the best options around Suffolk. 114, the Schedule of Ratings for the Digestive System, diagnostic code 7327. Please have your health care provider fill out and. The amount of basic benefit paid ranges, depending on how disabled you are. Compare doctors, read patient reviews and more. VA disability compensation (pay) offers a monthly tax-free payment to Veterans who got sick or injured while serving in the military and to Veterans whose service made an existing condition worse. vegetables. com. How IBS is Rated by the VA. Asthma secondary to Nasal polyps. The VA assigns a diagnostic code to every service-connected condition. the appropriate disability rating shall be determined by mandatory VA examination. What is the highest VA rating for diverticulitis? Many disabilities like irritable colon syndrome, irritable bowel, diverticulitis, peritoneal adhesions, or ulcertative colitis are all rated the same way,. Nausea and vomiting. VA rates gastrointestinal diseases under 38 CFR § 4. How does the VA rate skin conditions? The VA organizes military skin conditions under 38 CFR § 4. Examples of bowel disturbance include episodes of diarrhea, severe gas, and bloating. Include plenty of high-fiber fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. VA Office of Patient Centered Care and Cultural Transformation Page 1 of 3 PREVENTING RECURRENT DIVERTICULITIS Diverticulitis, which is inflammation of small pouches (diverticuli) that form in the colon, accounts for over 300,000 hospitalizations per year in the United States. 7328 Intestine, small, resection. The pain might be managed with changes in diet and medications. He has been in practice more than 20 years. 900(c) (2009). Book an appointment today. How We Serve; Free Resources; Pricing Guide; About; Careers; Press & Media; Contact; Blog; Podcast; Community; Reach Us. 91-12 832 ) DATE ) ) On appeal from the Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office in Atlanta, Georgia THE ISSUES 1. ; Habitation: Those living in urban areas and developed countries are hospitalized with diverticulitis more often. undefined Skip navigation. But, at its most severe, a pouch can burst open, spilling fecal matter directly into a. The VA rates hemorrhoids under 38 CFR § 4. Doctors who treat Intestinal Diverticulitis in this region have an average rating of 4 stars. 30 percent – VA recognizes 30% for GERD when it leads to “persistently recurrent epigastric discomfort with dysphagia,. It’s currently part of a combined installation with Marine Corps Air Station New River. 7 - other international versions of ICD-10 R19. Bethany: Typically, allergic rhinitis is rated under 38 CFR 4. R. Email. The reduction in the disability rating for migraine. The most common VA rating for sleep apnea is 50 percent. This can cause tenderness, cramps, or pain in the belly. At a rating of 0 percent, you do not receive monthly compensation, but you might be eligible for other benefits from VA, such as health care. ). Entitlement to an initial compensable rating for diverticulitis with abscess, status-post resection of the sigmoid colon.